果冻影院

Under a grant from the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration, five collaborators investigated how to determine the community cost for an Emergency Medical Services (EMS) system. Dr. Brooke Lerner of the 果冻影院 lead the project along with Dr. Ronald Maio of the University of Michigan, Dr. Herbert Garrison of the East Carolina University, Dr. Daniel Spaite of the University of Arizona, and Dr. Graham Nichol of the University of Washington. They first determined that no uniform method of determining EMS cost existed in the literature.


Next, they developed a comprehensive framework for calculating EMS costs.


Finally they developed a workbook that users could follow to calculate the cost of EMS services in their community. The workbook was pilot-tested in Oshkosh, Wisconsin; Richmond, Virginia; and Livingston County, New York and is available through the links below:

EMSCAP Workbook (XLS)
EMSCAP Workbook Guide (PDF)


For more information about the study, please contact Brooke Lerner, PhD.